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1.
Int. j. morphol ; 41(3): 743-748, jun. 2023. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1514297

ABSTRACT

Con el objetivo de conservar material cadavérico, se han creado diferentes técnicas y/o soluciones donde una técnica es la diafanización dental para estudiar la morfología interna del diente. Esta técnica consta en trasparentar el tejido calcificado del diente haciendo visible los conductos radiculares al inyectar una mezcla colorante en ellos. Se han descrito diferentes variantes de la técnica de diafanización como la técnica de Okumura y la técnica de Robertson, pero ambas técnicas utilizan reactivos tóxicos o de difícil acceso, por lo que se ha realizado una búsqueda de reactivos de bajo costo y fácil acceso para realizar la técnica de diafanización, reportándose que la técnica de diafanización por maceración con KOH es válida para diafanizar dientes. El objetivo del presente estudio fue utilizar NaOH en la técnica de diafanización dental por maceración, como una variante de KOH al ser una base de similar característica que el KOH. Se utilizaron 13 dientes (siete tercer molares, cinco premolares y un canino) para realizar tres variantes de la técnica de diafanización: técnica de Robertson, por maceración con KOH y por maceración con NaOH utilizando barra agitadora y agitador magnético en los dientes. Con la técnica de Robertson se obtuvo un diente completamente transparentado, mientras que los dientes diafanizados por maceración, tanto con KOH y NaOH, se transparentaron menos, aunque se hicieron visibles los conductos radiculares, por lo que el uso de NaOH en la técnica de diafanización por maceración es válida, aunque requiere más tiempo que la maceración por KOH.


SUMMARY: To preserve cadaveric material, different techniques, and solutions have been created where one technique is dental diaphanization to study the internal morphology of the tooth. This technique consists of making the calcified tooth tissue transparent and making the root canals visible by injecting a dye mixture into them. Different variants of the diaphanization technique have been described, such as the Okumura and the Robertson techniques. However, both techniques use toxic or difficult-to-access reagents, so a search has been made for low- cost and easily accessible reagents to perform the diaphanization technique, reporting that the diaphanization technique by maceration with KOH is valid for the diaphanization of teeth. This study aimed to use NaOH in the dental clearing technique by maceration as a variant of KOH since it is a base with similar characteristics to KOH. Thirteen teeth (seven third molars, five premolars, and one canine) were used to perform three variants of the diaphanization technique: Robertson technique, KOH maceration, and NaOH maceration using a stirring bar and magnetic stirrer on the teeth. With the Robertson technique, a completely transparent tooth was obtained, while the teeth cleared by maceration, with both KOH and NaOH, were less transparent, although the root canals became visible. Therefore, using NaOH in the diaphanization technique by maceration is valid, although it requires more time than KOH maceration.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sodium Hydroxide , Tooth/anatomy & histology , Coloring Agents , Decalcification Technique
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 38(4): 970-974, Aug. 2020. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1124884

ABSTRACT

El estudio morfológico de la dentadura de chondrichthyes representa un carácter taxonómico importante empleado para la clasificación e identificación de diferentes especies. Se diafanizaron dientes de cuatro especies distintas de selacimorfos (Carcharhinus leucas, Galeocerdo cuvier, Rhizoprionodon longurio y Sphyrna sp.) con la finalidad de estandarizar una técnica dental para su transparentación. Estandarizando la técnica de Okumura-Aprile aplicada para la diafanización dental de humanos, se obtuvo una diafanización óptima en las cuatro especies en tratamiento con HCl al 7 % donde se podía observar con claridad la cámara pulpar, por lo que podemos concluir que la técnica de Okumura-Aprile es eficiente en la diafanización dental de tiburones.


The morphological study of the chondrichthyes teeth represents an important taxonomic characteristic used for the classification and identification of different species. The teeth of four different species of selacimorphs (Carcharhinus leucas, Galeocerdo cuvier, Rhizoprionodon longurio and Sphyrna sp.) were diaphonized in order to standardize a dental technique for their transparency. By standardizing the Okumura-Aprile technique applied for the dental diaphonization of humans, an optimal diaphonization was obtained in the four species treated with 7 % HCl where the pulp chamber was clearly observed. Therefore, we may conclude that the OkumuraAprile technique is efficient in shark dental diaphonization.


Subject(s)
Animals , Sharks/anatomy & histology , Tooth/anatomy & histology , Decalcification Technique/methods , Sharks/classification
3.
Acta odontol. latinoam ; 30(1): 5-12, 2017. ilus, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-907401

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of SDF on thedentin­pulp complex using two models: teeth after SDFapplication (ex vivo) and experimental animal molars. Adescriptive study was performed using two models. In the firstmodel, primary teeth (ex vivo) with enamel­dentin caries, withoutpulp involvement and previously treated with 38% SDF, wereevaluated by means of two techniques: (a) Scanning ElectronMicroscopy (SEM) and energy­dispersive X­ray detector (EDS)to determine qualitative and quantitative composition, and (b)brightfield optical microscopy (OM) after decalcification. Thesecond model used laboratory animal molars from 12 maleWistar rats. Standardized enamel­dentin cavities approximately0.5 mm deep were made the distal fossa of the occlusal face ofboth first lower molars, to one of which a 38% SDF solution wasapplied, while the other was used as a control. Histologicalsections were prepared and dental pulp was evaluatedqualitatively in both groups. SEM on ex vivo teeth showed areasof hypermineralization in the intertubular dentin and few blockedtubules, while EDS detected Ag in the center of the lesion(7.34%), its concentration declining at the edges (1.71%), withnone in the areas farthest from the lesion...


El objetivo del trabajo fue determinar del efecto del DFP encomplejo dentino­pulpar aplicando dos modelos: piezasdentarias luego de su aplicación (ex vivo) y en molares deanimales experimentales. Se realizó un estudio descriptivoaplicando dos modelos: en piezas dentarias primarias (ex vivo)con caries amelodentinarias sin compromiso pulpar que hayansido sometidas previamente con DFP 38%, mediante dosevaluaciones: Microscopía electrónica de Barrido (MEB) ydetector de energía dispersiva de rayos X (EDS) a fin dedeterminar su composición cuali y cuantitativa y Microscopíaóptica de campo claro (MCC) mediante la técnica descalcifi ­cación y en molares de animales de laboratorio donde seutilizaron 12 ratas Wistar macho. La técnica fue estandarizadaen la fosa distal de la cara oclusal del primer molar inferior, serealizó una cavidad amelodentinaria aprox. 0.5 mm de profun ­didad, en ambos molares. En un molar se aplicó la soluciónDFP al 38 % y el opuesto como control. Se realizaron corteshistológicos y se evaluó en forma cualitativa la pulpa dentalen ambos grupos. En las piezas ex vivas mediante MEBse observaron áreas de hipermineralización en la dentinaintertubular y escasos conductillos obliterados y por EDS sedetectó Ag en el centro de la lesión (7.34%), disminuyendo suconcentración en los límites (1,71%) y no se detectó en las zonasmás alejadas de la misma. En MCC se observó DFP sellando losconductillos sólo en sitio de colocación y con una penetraciónlimitada, por debajo, los conductillos se observaron de aspectonormal y el tejido pulpar asociado con la caries tratadaha mostrado un infiltrado inflamatorio crónico y formaciónde dentina terciaria, sin observarse precipitado de Ag...


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Rats , Dental Pulp , Dentin , Dental Caries/therapy , Dental Pulp/ultrastructure , Diamines/therapeutic use , Molar , Silver Compounds/therapeutic use , Tooth, Deciduous , Decalcification Technique , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Histological Techniques , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods
4.
Journal of Bone Metabolism ; : 135-142, 2016.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-147421

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: In 1951, Ardran reported that metastatic bone lesions could be detectable on plain radiography with 30% to 50% of decalcification. Authors performed experimental study for minimum level of decalcification to detect the osteolytic bone metastasis of long bone with recent technique of radiographs. METHODS: One pair of fibula and humerus from two cadavers was cut into specimen 1 inch in length. Distal half of specimen was dipped into hydrochloride (HCl) with 15 min interval. All 16 specimens were checked by film-type radiography (FR), computed radiography (CR), digital radiography (DR). To exclude inter-observer's variance, 3 radiologists evaluated images. Calcium amount before and after decalcification was measured and expressed in percentage of decalcification. RESULTS: Osteolytic changes were detectable with 11% to 16% of decalcification for fibula and 3% to 8% for humerus on plain radiography with FR, CR, and DR. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that minimum of 3% and maximum of 16% of decalcification is necessary when osteolytic metastatic bone lesions of long bone could be detected on plain radiography.


Subject(s)
Cadaver , Calcium , Decalcification Technique , Fibula , Humerus , Neoplasm Metastasis , Osteolysis , Radiographic Image Enhancement , Radiography
5.
Journal of Pathology and Translational Medicine ; : 236-242, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-188227

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The conventional method for decalcification of bone specimens uses hydrochloric acid (HCl) and is notorious for damaging cellular RNA, DNA, and proteins, thus complicating molecular and immunohistochemical analyses. A method that can effectively decalcify while preserving genetic material is necessary. METHODS: Pairs of bilateral bone marrow biopsies sampled from 53 patients were decalcified according to protocols of two comparison groups: EDTA versus HCl and RDO GOLD (RDO) versus HCl. Pairs of right and left bone marrow biopsy samples harvested from 28 cases were allocated into the EDTA versus HCl comparison group, and 25 cases to the RDO versus HCl comparison group. The decalcification protocols were compared with regards to histomorphology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular analysis. For molecular analysis, we randomly selected 5 cases from the EDTA versus HCl and RDO versus HCl groups. RESULTS: The decalcification time for appropriate histomorphologic analysis was the longest in the EDTA method and the shortest in the RDO method. EDTA was superior to RDO or HCl in DNA yield and integrity, assessed via DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction, and silver in situ hybridization using DNA probes. The EDTA method maintained intact nuclear protein staining on immunohistochemistry, while the HCl method produced poor quality images. Staining after the RDO method had equivocal results. RNA in situ hybridization using kappa and lambda RNA probes measured RNA integrity; the EDTA and RDO method had the best quality, followed by HCl. CONCLUSIONS: The EDTA protocol would be the best in preserving genetic material. RDO may be an acceptable alternative when rapid decalcification is necessary.


Subject(s)
Humans , Biopsy , Bone Marrow , Decalcification Technique , DNA , DNA Probes , Edetic Acid , Hydrochloric Acid , Immunohistochemistry , In Situ Hybridization , Nuclear Proteins , Polymerase Chain Reaction , RNA , RNA Probes , Silver
6.
Imaging Science in Dentistry ; : 205-211, 2015.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-92645

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: This study was performed to compare the accuracy of micro-computed tomography (CT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in detecting accessory canals in primary molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-one extracted human primary first and second molars were embedded in wax blocks and scanned using micro-CT and CBCT. After the images were taken, the samples were processed using a clearing technique and examined under a stereomicroscope in order to establish the gold standard for this study. The specimens were classified into three groups: maxillary molars, mandibular molars with three canals, and mandibular molars with four canals. Differences between the gold standard and the observations made using the imaging methods were calculated using Spearman's rho correlation coefficient test. RESULTS: The presence of accessory canals in micro-CT images of maxillary and mandibular root canals showed a statistically significant correlation with the stereomicroscopic images used as a gold standard. No statistically significant correlation was found between the CBCT findings and the stereomicroscopic images. CONCLUSION: Although micro-CT is not suitable for clinical use, it provides more detailed information about minor anatomical structures. However, CBCT is convenient for clinical use but may not be capable of adequately analyzing the internal anatomy of primary teeth.


Subject(s)
Humans , Cone-Beam Computed Tomography , Decalcification Technique , Dental Pulp Cavity , Molar , Tooth, Deciduous , X-Ray Microtomography
7.
Clinics in Orthopedic Surgery ; : 455-461, 2014.
Article in English | WPRIM | ID: wpr-223878

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) is used for bone healing due to its osteoinductivity, but it requires a carrier for clinical application. Here, we report the effects on the osteoinductivity of DBM by use of a poloxamer 407-based hydrogel as the carrier, compared to sterile water. METHODS: DBM-W and DBM-H represent 27 wt% of DBM with sterile water and DBM with a poloxamer 407-based hydrogel, respectively. Both of the compositions were applied to human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) cultures, and monitored for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP activity. Six 10-week-old athymic nude rats were used for abdominal muscle grafting with either DBM-W or DBM-H, and were tested by plane radiography, microfocus X-ray computed tomography (CT), and decalcified histology to evaluate ectopic bone formation. RESULTS: The DBM-W group showed stronger ALP staining at 7, 14, and 21 days of treatment, and significantly higher ALP activity at 7 and 14 days of treatment, compared to the DBM-H group. Plane radiography could not confirm the radio-opaque lesions in the rat ectopic bone formulation model. However, ectopic bone formation was observed in both groups by micro-CT. Compared to the DBM-H group, the DBM-W group showed higher bone volume, percent bone volume and trabecular number, and the difference in percent bone volume was statistically significant. Decalcified histology found bony tissue with lamellation in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that poloxamer 407-based hydrogel has efficacy as a DBM carrier since it shows ectopic bone formation, but its effects on the quality and quantity of osteoblastic differentiation in rat abdominal ectopic bone and MSC are considered negative.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Bone Matrix/physiology , Cell Culture Techniques , Decalcification Technique , Excipients/pharmacology , Hydrogels/pharmacology , Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects , Osteogenesis/drug effects , Poloxamer/pharmacology , Rats, Nude
8.
Rev. colomb. cancerol ; 14(3): 175-180, sept. 2010. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-664800

ABSTRACT

El procesamiento y estudio de la patología ósea es un reto diario para el patólogo debido a su complejidad diagnóstica. Las muestras con componente óseos requieren procedimientos como la manipulación de grandes piezas quirúrgicas y su descalcificación para obtener tejidos evaluables al microscopio. Lo anterior retarda el reporte patológico 20 a 30 días demorando el diagnóstico definitivo y el inicio de tratamiento o la evaluación de la respuesta a terapias neoadyudantes. Se desarrolló una guía de procesamiento de especímenes óseos que reduce los tiempos hasta el diagnóstico definitivo en 2 a 3 días para biopsias y en 13 a 15 días para amputaciones y resecciones en bloque. Presentamos una guía práctica, rápida y reproducible.


The processing and study of bone biopsias represent a challenge for the pathologist due to the complexity of diagnosis. Bone samples require special processing such as the manipulation and decalcification of big surgical specimens in order to obtain evaluable tissue under the microscope. Consequently, the pathology is performed in about 20-30 days delaying the final diagnosis, the beginning of treatment, or the evaluation of neoadyuvant therapy response. A practical guideline for bone specimen processing was developed reducing layout time for final diagnosis around 2-3 days for biopsies and 13-15 days for surgical specimens. A practical, nimble, and reliable guideline is presented.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bone Neoplasms , Decalcification Technique , Bone Diseases/surgery , Bone Diseases/diagnosis , Bone Diseases/pathology , Colombia
9.
Pesqui. bras. odontopediatria clín. integr ; 9(1): 63-69, jan.-abr. 2009. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-541958

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Avaliar, in vitro, o grau de clareamento e seqüelas de desmineralização do esmalte humano submetido à ação dedentifrício clareador. Método: Estudo experimental in vitro descritivo-analítico. A amostra compreendeu pré-molares, os quais tiveram as porções coronárias seccionadas e incluídas em resina o-ftálica. Os corpos-de-prova foram agrupados, aleatoriamente, em seis grupos de 12 unidades constituindo, desta forma, dois grupos experimentais (D1 e D2), um grupo controle positivo (CP), um grupo controle negativo (CN), um grupo repetitividade (GR) e um grupo estabilidade de cor (GE). O clareamento foi determinado por espectrofotometria e a desmineralização pelo laser de diodo. Resultados: Os espécimes revelaram redução da luminosidade (L*) e aumento dos parâmetros a* (vermelho) e b*(amarelo). Após 28 dias de escovação com o dentifrício contendo peróxido de carbamida constatou-se aumento de luminosidade e redução do parâmetro a*. Após 14 dias de aplicação do gel verificou-se a eliminação da pigmentação. Foram constatadas as seguintes médias dos valores de ΔE para os grupos controle negativo e submetidos ao gel e aos dentifrícios contendo peróxido de carbamida e bicarbonato de sódio: 26,27 ± 8,66; 6,82±3,89; 14,53± 4,91 e 29,21± 5,07. A desmineralização inicial dos grupos revelou reduzido grau. Realizada a pigmentação, a descalcificação aumentou apesar de mantidos em solução remineralizante, à exceção do grupo tratado com o gel. Conclusão: Há redução da desmineralização do esmalte, aumento do parâmetro L* e redução do a* após 28 dias de escovação por dentifrício contendo peróxido de carbamida; dentifrício contendo o abrasivo bicarbonato de sódio não tem eficácia clareadora e resulta em desmineralização.


Subject(s)
Tooth Bleaching/methods , Dentifrices , Tooth Demineralization/diagnosis , Dental Enamel/chemistry , Spectrophotometry/methods , In Vitro Techniques , Resin Cements , Decalcification Technique/methods , Statistics, Nonparametric
10.
West China Journal of Stomatology ; (6): 13-19, 2009.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-248321

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate shrinkage range of cleared teeth caused by nitric acid with different temperature and concentration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>48 human teeth were root canal-prepared and filled, then randomly and averagely divided into six groups on the basis of temperature and density of nitric acid and the condition of whether or not added the oscillate. Group A was 20 degrees C with 6% nitric acid, group B was 20 degrees C with 6% nitric acid and oscillate, group C was 20 degrees C with 3% nitric acid, group D was 20 degrees C with 3% nitric acid and oscillate, group E was 30 degrees C with 6% nitric acid and oscillate, group F was 30 degrees C with 3% nitric acid and oscillate. After achieving the standard of the decalcification, all the specimens were gradually dehydrated, and then cleared and conserved using methyl salicylate. Time-consumed and shrinkage range of all the specimens were recorded and analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The time of decalcification in group E was the fastest, then was group F, group B. Group C was the last one. The anastole of the specimens was group E > group B > group A, group F > group D > group C, group B > group D, group E > group D, there was significant difference (P < 0.05). Group C had significant difference with other groups (P < 0.05). The anastole rate of the specimens had no significant difference between group A and group B, group C and group D, group B and group F, group D and group F.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>In 20 degrees C, 3% nitric acid with oscillate to carry out the decalcification can use less time and get less anastole. The result of the tooth-clearing technique is the best.</p>


Subject(s)
Humans , Decalcification Technique , Nitric Acid , Root Canal Preparation , Temperature
11.
Periodontia ; 18(2): 71-76, 2008. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-544212

ABSTRACT

Este estudo avaliou o tempo de descalcificação e a preservação dos núcleos celulares de tecido mineralizado de mandíbulas de ratos utilizando três soluções descalcificadoras (EDTA 7%, ácido nítrico 5% e Biodec-R). As mandíbulas de 15 ratos Wistar foram removidas e dissecadas obtendo-se dois blocos mandibulares de cada animal, posteriormente divididos em três grupos. Para a descalcificação dos espécimes do grupo A foi utilizado com o EDTA 7%, do grupo B e ácido nítrico 5% e do grupo C a solução Biodec-R, sendo registrados os tempos de descalcificação. Posteriormente, as peças foram processadas de acordo com protocolo histológico de rotina, sendo obtidos quatro cortes seriados que foram corados com hematoxilina-eosina para observação em microscopia de luz. Para avaliar a preservação dos núcleos celulares foram considerados quatro campos, selecionados aleatoriamente, adotando-se o escore: 0 – baixa preservação (de 0% e 20% das células com núcleo preservado); 1 – moderada preservação (de 20% e 50% das células com núcleo preservado); 2 – alta preservação (acima de 50% das células com núcleo preservado). A solução que descalcificou as peças em menor período de tempo foi o ácido nítrico (nove dias), seguida pela Solução Biodec-R (12dias) e EDTA (135 dias). Moderada preservação dos núcleos celulares foi evidenciada nos espécimes dos grupos B e C e alta preservação nos grupo A. Embora a solução de EDTA a 7% tenha sido a que necessitou de maior período de tempo para promover a descalcificação (135 dias), foi a mais eficaz na preservação dos núcleos celulares.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Decalcification Technique , Edetic Acid , Nitric Acid
12.
Ciênc. odontol. bras ; 10(4): 37-42, out.-dez. 2007. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-500860

ABSTRACT

A falta de conhecimento da anatomia da cavidade pulpar é uma das principais razões do insucesso da terapia endodôntica dos caninos inferiores. Foram utilizados 1040 caninos inferiores cuja incidência de bifurcações foi avaliada através de estudo radiográfico e comparada com o método de injeção e diafanização dos mesmos dentes. Também foram estudadas outras características internas visualizadas através da diafanização. Da fase radiográfica concluiu-se que 8% dos caninos inferiores apresentaram duplicação de seu canal radicular. Dos 1017 caninos observados através da diafanização, 8,6% apresentaram canais duplos. Através dos achados conclui-se que o clínico deve realizar sempre um exame radiográfico em várias angulações para detectar a duplicidade do canal radicular dos caninos inferiores antes de iniciar a terapia endodôntica.


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Cuspid/anatomy & histology , Decalcification Technique , Radiography, Dental , Root Canal Therapy
13.
Braz. oral res ; 21(2): 134-139, 2007. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-453192

ABSTRACT

The rat model is widely used in periodontal research and the quality of histological sections is essential. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the histological characteristics of periodontal tissues in Wistar rat maxillae, with different times of fixation and decalcified by nitric acid or formic acid (Anna Morse Solution). Fifteen rats were used. Fixation was performed for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The maxillae were hemi-sectioned and each part was decalcified either in nitric acid for 7 days or in Anna Morse solution for 35 days. Two trained and blinded examiners performed the evaluation. Fourty eight hours of fixation and decalcification with Anna Morse solution showed more clear characteristics of the epithelium-connective tissue interface and of the periodontal structures. Mean measurements between the cementum-enamel junction and the bone crest varied in the different experimental times from 176.5 (± 60.45) to 210.94 (± 39.33) pixels on the buccal aspect, and from 199.69 (± 38.33) to 298.55 (± 70.81) pixels on the palatal aspect, with no statistically significant differences (ANOVA, p > 0.05). In the same fixation period, decalcification with nitric acid or Anna Morse solution did not display any statistically significant differences. It may be concluded that for a qualitative histological analysis, fixation should preferably be for 48 hours and the demineralization should be made by Anna Morse solution. For a histomorphometric analysis, the decalcification solution does not interfere in the results.


O modelo rato é extensamente usado na pesquisa periodontal, e a qualidade dos cortes histológicos é essencial. A proposta deste estudo foi avaliar as características histológicas dos tecidos periodontais nas maxilas de ratos Wistar, após diferentes períodos de fixação e descalcificação pelo ácido nítrico ou pelo ácido fórmico (Solução de Anna Morse). Quinze ratos foram usados. A fixação foi realizada nos períodos de 24, 48 e 72 horas. As maxilas foram divididas e parte foi descalcificada em ácido nítrico durante 7 dias e parte com solução de Anna Morse por 35 dias. Dois examinadores treinados e cegos executaram a avaliação. Quarenta e oito horas de fixação e descalcificação com solução de Anna Morse mostraram características mais evidentes da interface epitélio-conjuntivo, assim como das estruturas periodontais. As médias, por vestibular, entre a junção cemento-esmalte e a crista óssea nos diferentes tempos experimentais variaram entre 176,5 (± 60,45) e 210,94 (± 39,33) "pixels", e, na face palatina, entre 199,69 (± 38,33) e 298,55 (± 70,81) "pixels", sem nenhuma diferença estatisticamente significativa (ANOVA, p > 0,05). No mesmo período de fixação, a descalcificação com ácido nítrico ou solução de Anna Morse não mostrou diferenças estatisticamente significantes. Pode-se concluir que, para a análise histológica qualitativa, a fixação deve ser preferivelmente em 48 horas e a desmineralização por solução de Anna Morse. Para a análise histo-morfométrica, a solução descalcificadora não interferiu nos resultados.


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Formates , Nitric Acid/pharmacology , Periodontal Diseases/pathology , Periodontal Ligament/pathology , Periodontium/pathology , Tissue Fixation/methods , Analysis of Variance , Decalcification Technique , Disease Models, Animal , Maxilla , Microscopy, Electron , Periodontal Ligament/ultrastructure , Periodontium/drug effects , Periodontium , Rats, Wistar , Statistics, Nonparametric , Time Factors
14.
Braz. dent. j ; 18(2): 129-133, 2007. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-466505

ABSTRACT

This study evaluated the morphological and chemical composition of the following bone substitutes: cancellous and cortical organic bovine bone with macro and microparticle size ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 mm and 0.25 to 1.0 mm, respectively; inorganic bovine bone with particle size ranging from 0.25 to 1.0 mm; hydroxyapatite with particle size ranging from 0.75 to 1.0 mm; and demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft with particle size ranging from 0.25 to 0.5 mm. The samples were sputter-coated with gold in an ion coater, the morphology was observed and particle size was measured under vacuum by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The chemical composition was evaluated by spectroscopy of dispersion energy (EDS) microanalysis using samples without coating. SEM analysis provided visual evidence that all examined materials have irregular shape and particle sizes larger than those informed by the manufacturer. EDS microanalysis detected the presence of sodium, calcium and phosphorus that are usual elements of the bone tissue. However, mineral elements were detected in all analyzed particles of organic bovine bone except for macro cancellous organic bovine bone. These results suggest that the examined organic bovine bone cannot be considered as a pure organic material.


Neste estudo foram avaliados a morfologia, o tamanho e a composição química dos seguintes substitutos ósseos: osso bovino orgânico cortical e esponjoso com micropartículas medindo entre 0,25 e 1,0 mm e macropartículas medindo entre 1,0 e 2,0 mm; osso bovino cortical inorgânico com partículas medindo entre 0,25 e 1,0 mm; hidroxiapatita com partículas medindo entre 0,75 e 1,0 mm; e osso humano descalcificado, congelado e seco medindo entre 0,25 a 0,5 mm. Para a analise da morfologia e tamanho das partículas, as amostras foram preparadas em porta-espécime, metalizadas em ouro e analisadas a vácuo em microscopia eletrônico de varredura (MEV). Para a análise da composição química, as partículas não foram metalizadas e foram analisadas por microanálise por espectroscopia por dispersão de energia (EDS). A análise em MEV, demonstrou que as partículas substitutos ossos apresentaram formato irregular e tamanho variável, maior do que o mencionado pelo fabricante. A microanálise por EDS detectou a presença de elementos como sódio, cálcio e fósforo, que são comuns à composição do tecido ósseo, porém revelaram a presença de elementos químicos nas partículas de osso bovino orgânico, exceto para a macropartícula de osso bovino orgânico esponjoso. Esses resultados sugerem que o osso bovino orgânico não pode ser considerado um material orgânico puro.


Subject(s)
Animals , Cattle , Humans , Bone Substitutes/chemistry , Biocompatible Materials/analysis , Biocompatible Materials/chemistry , Bone Substitutes/analysis , Bone and Bones/chemistry , Bone and Bones/ultrastructure , Cryopreservation , Calcium/analysis , Decalcification Technique , Durapatite/analysis , Durapatite/chemistry , Electron Probe Microanalysis , Freeze Drying , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Minerals/analysis , Minerals/chemistry , Particle Size , Porosity , Phosphorus/analysis , Sodium/analysis , Transplantation, Homologous
15.
Braz. dent. j ; 18(2): 153-157, 2007. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-466510

ABSTRACT

Bone decalcification is a time-consuming process. It takes weeks and preservation of the tissue structure depends on the quality and velocity of the demineralization process. In the present study, a decalcification methodology was adapted using microwaving to accelerate the decalcification of rat bone for electron microscopic analysis. The ultrastructure of the bone decalcified by microwave energy was observed. Wistar rats were perfused with paraformaldehyde and maxillary segments were removed and fixed in glutaraldehyde. Half of specimens were decalcified by conventional treatment with immersion in Warshawsky solution at 4ºC during 45 days, and the other half of specimens were placed into the beaker with 20 mL of the Warshawsky solution in ice bath and thereafter submitted to irradiation in a domestic microwave oven (700 maximum power) during 20 s/350 W/±37ºC. In the first day, the specimens were irradiated 9 times and stored at 40ºC overnight. In the second day, the specimens were irradiated 20 times changing the solution and the ice after each bath. After decalcification, some specimens were postfixed in osmium tetroxide and others in osmium tetroxide and potassium pyroantimonate. The specimens were observed under transmission electron microscopy. The results showed an increase in the decalcification rate in the specimens activated by microwaving and a reduction of total experiment time from 45 days in the conventional method to 48 hours in the microwave-aided method.


A preservação da estrutura de ossos é dependente da qualidade e da velocidade em que ocorre o processo de desmineralização. Neste estudo foi observada a ultraestrutura de maxila de rato descalcificada utilizando microondas. Ratos Wistar sofreram perfusão com paraformaldeído e o segmento de maxila retirado e fixado em glutaraldeído. Após esta etapa algumas amostras foram descalcificadas por imersão em solução de Warshawsky durante 45 dias a 4(0)C. Outras amostras foram submetidas a irradiação por microondas (forno de microondas doméstico 700 Watts de potência), durante 20 s/350 W/ ± 37ºC. No primeiro dia foram realizadas um total de 9 irradiações e os espécimes foram deixadas posteriormente a 4ºC por 12 h na solução descalcificadora sem agitação. No segundo dia, os fragmentos foram submetidos à nova irradiação totalizando 20 banhos, trocando-se a solução e o gelo a cada banho. A seguir algumas amostras foram pós-fixadas com tetróxido de ósmio e outras com tetróxido de ósmio e piroantimonato de potássio. As amostras foram observadas em microscópio eletrônico de transmissão. Os resultados mostraram que o processo de descalcificação ativado por microondas reduziu para 48 h o período de descalcificação, o qual pelo método tradicional ocorre em 45 dias.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Bone and Bones/ultrastructure , Decalcification Technique , Microwaves , Bone Matrix/radiation effects , Bone Matrix/ultrastructure , Bone and Bones/radiation effects , Calcium , Chelating Agents , Cold Temperature , Crystallography , Collagen/radiation effects , Collagen/ultrastructure , Edetic Acid , Fixatives , Glutaral , Microscopy, Electron, Transmission , Maxilla/radiation effects , Maxilla/ultrastructure , Organelles/radiation effects , Organelles/ultrastructure , Osteoclasts/radiation effects , Osteoclasts/ultrastructure , Osteocytes/radiation effects , Osteocytes/ultrastructure , Rats, Wistar , Sodium Hydroxide , Specimen Handling/methods , Time Factors
16.
Rev. Fac. Odontol. Porto Alegre ; 48(1/3): 33-36, 2007. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-533981

ABSTRACT

Os rápidos avanços do conhecimento acerca do reparo e regeneração tecidual, têm despertado o interesse pela biologia pulpar. Entretanto, para avaliar microscopicamente a dinâmica do tecido pulpar, é necessário, inicialmente, que o dente seja submetido aos processamentos histológicos de fixação e descalcificação. A descalcificação pode afetar o grau de coloração e pode causar desnaturação de proteínas. Além disso, é um processo demorado, visto que o dente requer um longo período de desmineralização. Assim, a proposta deste trabalho foi de avaliar qualitativamente a matriz extracelular e as células da polpa dentária, comparando três grupos: dois em que o tecido dentário foi descalcificado e um em que a polpa foi removida dos tecidos duros, não necessitando do processo de descalcificação. Dez pré-molares foram fixados em formalina tamponada a 10% por 24 horas. Após, estes dentes foram divididos em três grupos: 4 dentes foram submetidos a processo de descalcificação por meio de solução de Morse, 3 por meio de solução de EDTA a 10% e; os 3 dentes restantes tiveram sua polpa separada dos tecidos duros dentários por meio da técnica de clivagem. Na seqüência, os três grupos foram processados por meio da técnica histológica de rotina e foram corados com H/E. Os resultados desta análise demonstraram que houve uma melhor conservação tanto da matriz extracelular, quanto das estruturas celulares no grupo da clivagem, seguido do grupo Morse e por fim, com a menor conservação das estruturas pelo grupo EDTA.


The rapid advances of the knowledge of repair and regeneration tissues had proved to be an exciting time for pulp biology. However, to study the dynamic of pulp tissue, it is necessary, initially, that the tooth be submitted to histological fixation and decalcification processing. Decalcification may affect the degree of staining and it may cause denaturation of proteins. Furthermore, it is a slow process, demanding long demineralization times for a tooth. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to compare, qualitatively, the pulp extracellular matrix and the pulp cells, submitted to different techniques: EDTA solution decalcification, Anna Morse solution decalcification and a last group which pulp was removed from tooth without decalcification. Ten premolar teeth were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 24 hours. After this, the teeth were divided in three groups: 4 teeth underwent decalcification with Morse solution; 3, decalcification with 10% EDTA solution and; 3, were sectioned and their pulps were gently removed. Subsequently, the groups followed the routine histological technique and staining with H/E. The results demonstrated that both conservation of pulp cells and extracellular matrix were better in the group without decalcification, followed by the Morse group and, the last, with the worst structures conservation for the EDTA group.


Subject(s)
Humans , Dental Pulp/anatomy & histology , Decalcification Technique
17.
Chinese Journal of Stomatology ; (12): 150-151, 2007.
Article in Chinese | WPRIM | ID: wpr-333381

ABSTRACT

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the methods of decalcification for making united slices of tooth and affiliated periodontic tissues.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Twenty-one samples containing dog molars and affiliated periodontic tissues were divided into seven mean groups. The pH value of solution, time of decalcification, weight and volume of samples, and content of decalcified calcium were detected. The slices were observed by HE, specific, and immunohistochemical stain.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The velocity of decalcification increased with decrease of solution pH. The weight of samples lightened by 37.61%, the volume reduced by 25.97% on average, and calcium decalcified was 174.49 mg per gram humid samples. The EDTA decalcification was slowest, but it was best. Decalcification was fast in Plank-Rycho solution while the section was worst, and faster in the formyl solution containing aluminium chloride than in EDTA, and the section was better.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The 50% formyl solution containing aluminium chloride is an ideal decalcifying solution.</p>


Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Decalcification Technique , Methods , Edetic Acid , Formates , Microtomy , Molar , Periodontium
18.
Rev. bras. cir. cardiovasc ; 21(2): 194-197, abr.-jun. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-447719

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Utilização de nova tecnologia na desmineralização química da valva aórtica, em cirurgia cardíaca com circulação extracorpórea, avaliação de suas alterações hemodinâmicas e reportar eventos relacionados à técnica. MÉTODO: Cinco pacientes, submetidos à revascularização miocárdica e portadores de estenose aórtica leve a moderada, receberam tratamento químico na valva aórtica. A idade dos pacientes variou de 65 a 81 anos, com média de 73 anos; sendo todos do sexo masculino. Um paciente tinha doença uniarterial e quatro, multiarterial (quatro vasos). O gradiente médio variou de 13 a 49 mmHg, com média de 25 mmHg. A área média do orifício aórtico variou de 0,8 a 1,3 cm², com média de 1,1cm². Os antecedentes observados foram: hipertensão arterial, hipercolesterolemia, diabete melito e fumo. RESULTADOS: O período de pinçamento aórtico variou de 94 a 126 minutos, com média de 107 minutos. O tempo de "bypass" variou de 134 a 171 minutos, com média de 152 minutos. O tempo de tratamento variou de 13 a 33 minutos, com média de 28 minutos. Não foi observado nenhum óbito. Complicações pós-operatórias observadas foram: bloqueio atrioventricular total em três pacientes. Não foram observados eventos que comprometessem a integridade da valva aórtica ou provocassem insuficiência aórtica pós-tratamento. Também não se observaram eventos neurológicos, sistêmicos, metabólicos ou hematológicos. O gradiente transvalvar pós-operatório, determinado pelo ecocardiograma, demonstrou melhora no gradiente sistólico e médio. CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento demonstrou ser efetivo e seguro, não causando lesão à valva ou algum evento sistêmico. As alterações do sistema de condução parecem relacionadas com o equipamento e seu sistema de liberação da substância de lavagem. A utilização desta tecnologia poderá ser, no futuro, um importante coadjuvante na substituição da valva aórtica por via transcutânea.


OBJECTIVE: To discuss the use of new technology in the chemical demineralization of the aortic valve in coronary artery bypass surgery, together with its hemodynamic changes and to report events related to the technique. METHOD: Five patients with mild to moderate aortic stenosis submitted to myocardial revascularization underwent chemical treatment of the aortic valve. The patients' ages ranged from 65 to 81 years, with a mean of 73 years. All were men. One patient had the involvement of a single artery and four multiple arteries (four vessels). The gradient ranged from 13 to 49 mmHg, with a mean of 25 mmHg. The size of the aortic orifice ranged from 0.8 to 1.3 cm², with a mean of 1.1 cm². The following antecedents were observed: arterial hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking. RESULTS: The aorta clamping time ranged from 94 to 126 minutes, with a mean of 107 minutes and the bypass time was from 134 to 171 minutes, with a mean of 152 minutes. The time of surgery was from 13 to 33 minutes with a mean of 28 minutes. No deaths were recorded. The only postoperative complication noted was a total AV block in three patients. No events were observed that might impair the integrity of the aortic valve or cause aortic insufficiency following treatment. Likewise, no neurologic, systemic, metabolic or hematologic events were seen. The postoperative transvalvular gradient identified by echocardiography showed an improvement in the systolic gradient and in the mean gradient. CONCLUSIONS: The treatment proved to be effective and safe, causing no lesions of the valve or any systemic event. The changes in the conduction system appear to be related to the equipment and its system of releasing the lavage solution. The use of this technology may, in the future, be an important adjuvant in aorta valve replacement using percutaneous techniques.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Aortic Valve Stenosis , Aortic Valve/surgery , Calcinosis , Decalcification Technique , Demineralization
19.
JBE j. bras. endodontia ; 6(24): 78-83, abr.-jun. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-437391

ABSTRACT

O conhecimento da anatomia dental e suas variações são pré-requisitos importantes para o sucesso da terapia endodôntica. Com o objetivo de consolidar o conhecimento a respeito da anatomia interna dental, foi realizado um estudo utilizando a técnica da diafanização em 73 primeiros e 61 segundo molares inferiores,o que possibilitou a exibição de uma imagem tridimensional e transparente do dente e a avaliação quanto ao número e disposição dos canais, presença de canais laterais, forames e deltas apicais. Observou-se a prevalência de um único canal, que parte da câmara pulpar até o ápice radicular, seguido por canal que sai da câmara pulpar e chega ao ápice em dois canais distintos e separados, para os dois grupos estudados


Subject(s)
Anatomy , Bicuspid , Endodontics , Decalcification Technique/methods
20.
Rev. odontol. Univ. Cid. Sao Paulo ; 18(1): 7-13, jan.-abr. 2006. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS, BBO | ID: lil-556760

ABSTRACT

Introdução: Dada a semelhança do reparo ósseo em tíbia com o reparo mandibular e a relativa simplicidade do modelo experimental no qual se realizam defeitos ósseos em tíbias de ratos, este trabalho foi proposto com o objetivo de determinar o tamanho de defeito exeqüível na tíbia para adequada utilização em estudos de regeneração óssea, padronizando assim o modelo. Métodos: Defeitos monocorticais de 2, 3 ou 3,5mm de diâmetro foram confeccionados nas tíbias de 54 ratos adultos. Após o sacrifício, que ocorreu depois de períodos de observação de 15, 30 ou 45 dias, as tíbias foram fixadas, descalcificadas e preparadas como de rotina. A porcentagem de área óssea no centro do defeito foi avaliada através de planimetria por contagem de pontos e, para avaliação estatística, utilizou-se ANOVA (α=5%). Resultados: Verificou-se fechamento linear do defeito ósseo em todos os grupos. Comparando-se os tamanhos de defeitos em cada período, não foi encontrada diferença estatística com relação à porcentagem de área óssea. Conclusão: Como não houve fechamento da área total, pode-se utilizar, com ressalvas, o modelo experimental de defeito em tíbias de ratos para estudo de regeneração óssea. Dadas as semelhanças com relação ao reparo dos defeitos, a escolha do melhor tamanho relaciona-se a questões de ordem prática, sendo o tamanho intermediário e os menores períodos o modelo recomendado.


Introduction: Due to the similarity of the bone tissue healing process in tibia with mandibular repair and the relative simplicity of the experimental model where bone tissue defects in rat tibiae are made, the aim of the present study was to determine the feasible tibia defect size for an adequate application in bone tissue healing process studies, standardizing thus this model. Methods: Monocortical defects of 2, 3 ou 3.5 mm of diameter were made in fifty-four adult rats tibiae. Following the rats sacrifice, which occurred after 15, 30 or 45 days of observation, the tibiae were fixed, decalcified and prepared according to the laboratorial processing routine. The bone area percentage at the center of the defect was evaluated through the point counting planimetry, and the ANOVA statistical test (α=5%) was used. Results: The bone defect linear closure was verified in all the groups. No statistical significant difference regarding the bone area percentage values was found comparing the defects sizes in each period. Conclusion: Since the total area closure was not observed, the rat tibia defect experimental model for the bone tissue healing process study may be applied in further studies with reservation. Because of the similarities regarding the defects healing process, the choice of the best size is related to practical questions, being the intermediate size and the shorter periods the recommended model.


Subject(s)
Rats , Histology , Bone Regeneration , Tibia , Decalcification Technique
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